Financing institution Grameen Bank model's lips ever after pioneering, Prof. Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh get the Nobel Peace prize for economics. Grameen Bank is a financial institution the bank sort of negate the provision of collateral. This model is a breakthrough of incredible that can be done in overcoming the problems of poverty and unemployment in the country amid the strong currents of capitalism.
In the application, the Grameen Bank is for the poor who had been having trouble getting access to capital through financial institutions that already exist. The inability of the poor to provide collateral to the main condition causing their banking institutions increasingly marginalized. Banks do tend to follow a capitalistic economic mechanisms and can be accessed only those groups of people rich.
Bangladesh experienced what the problems of poverty, unemployment, and various social backwardness is not really much different from the conditions experienced and faced by our society in Indonesia. Various social problems, such as the growing number of unemployed swelled overlap with issues of poverty also seems to no signs of easing. Their access to various facilities to improve the quality of life was very low, both to obtain health services, education, and other welfare.
According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the number of unemployment in our country in 2005 reached 40.6 million people. Of this number as many as 11 million people are unemployed or not open at all have jobs to sustain life. As for the rest, which is about 30 million people are unemployed half-open or do not have a steady job. These underemployed groups, if averaged monthly income does not reach USD 150 thousand.
This unemployment problem seems still to continue to grow given the economic recovery we are going slow. Even the BPS in 2003 noted the occurrence of employment contraction which reached 1.2 million. This amount is divided into 656 thousand jobs in urban areas and 564 thousand jobs lost in the countryside. This fact shows a lot of the labor force that is not absorbed in the formal economic sector. As for entering the non-formal sector, they also do not have sufficient access to create economically productive.
Currently there are approximately 41.7 million units in Indonesia, from large corporations to small businesses and non-legal entities. But of this amount was the comparison of large and small businesses is very unequal. According to the BPS in 2003, Indonesia's economic structure dominated by the configuration type of business or community economy, often referred to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which reached 99 percent. Uniquely, the number of these SMEs, as many as 98 percent, or about 39 million more are micro largely non-legal entities.
Although very large number of SMEs but its role in providing added value is still relatively small. In the development of manufacturing industry, for example, although the number of small business units to reach 99 percent more, but his contributions in providing added value is still less than 20 percent. So is its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) in 2001 recorded only 58.2 per cent.
The weakness of SMEs is also visible from the characteristics that are often identified as characteristic of the complexity of the existing problems in SMEs. SMEs is informal, very flexible to change, easy out and entry experience, and move on kind of a very diverse business. Most SMEs are managed by individuals acting as owner and manager of business, labor and use of family and close relatives, so there is no clear dividing line between the fields.
Another constraint faced by SMEs is the limited capital and their access to financing institutions and the existing banking institutions. These constraints relate to other than the strict requirements because of various constraints of SMEs in meeting the banking regulations, such as collateral. This constraint is often blamed as a factor of SME banking distrust. So naturally when so far only about 40 percent of SMEs that have ever use banking services. This also is the group most large and medium-sized businesses.
Although many challenges and obstacles experienced by SMEs, but SMEs sector, which actually is closest to the people's interests. SMEs not only represent the economic problems but also fundamentally linked with various social problems, such as poverty, unemployment and various backwardness. Improving the quality of SMEs will have an impact both on economic issues, social problems, and the mentality of Indonesian human resources.
Some facts seem to have presented to see how SMEs play a role. SMEs provide employment to very large. In employment, according to the BI data in 2001, small businesses employ as many as 64.3 million people or achieve 65 percent of the existing workforce. The absorption of a large workforce is of course a very positive impact on income distribution and reduce poverty. Moreover, many SMEs are located in rural areas, so that SMEs are also significantly supports the economic development in rural areas.
In addition, SMEs are the closest sector and most easily in fostering entrepreneurship. SMEs are also encouraging the growth of the social structure of the medium-scale entrepreneurs are strong. Unequal economic configuration by the micro-scale dominance is not conducive enough to support the development and progress of the nation forward. Experience from developed countries like the United States and Japan, showed support of medium-scale entrepreneurs is very large. Indonesia also needs a medium scale entrepreneurs and a strong professional to encourage the nation's economy.
However, government policy seems to promote the development of small and medium businesses are still half-heartedly impressed. On the one hand the government often states the importance of strengthening SMEs to eradicate poverty. But on the other hand, there are many SMEs are not actors get help facilitate that. The government seems to be dual to the problem of SMEs.
In general, government policy more tangible welfare policy that does not use economic principles as the main reference. According to Marzuki Usman (Edy Priyono, 1998), this policy is based on the assumption that small businesses play a significant role as panyangga (buffer) in times of crisis and take to overcome the problem of poverty and unemployment. Since welfare policy was pursued by giving subsidies to small businesses.
While the two policy options in the form of economic policy which refers to rules and economic interests. This policy assumes that small businesses, regardless of scale, not unlike a big business. However, this policy is not implemented on the basis of purely economic considerations. Because if it does so many small businesses will be missed. Dualism is what government policies are also causing a double-faced
In the application, the Grameen Bank is for the poor who had been having trouble getting access to capital through financial institutions that already exist. The inability of the poor to provide collateral to the main condition causing their banking institutions increasingly marginalized. Banks do tend to follow a capitalistic economic mechanisms and can be accessed only those groups of people rich.
Bangladesh experienced what the problems of poverty, unemployment, and various social backwardness is not really much different from the conditions experienced and faced by our society in Indonesia. Various social problems, such as the growing number of unemployed swelled overlap with issues of poverty also seems to no signs of easing. Their access to various facilities to improve the quality of life was very low, both to obtain health services, education, and other welfare.
According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the number of unemployment in our country in 2005 reached 40.6 million people. Of this number as many as 11 million people are unemployed or not open at all have jobs to sustain life. As for the rest, which is about 30 million people are unemployed half-open or do not have a steady job. These underemployed groups, if averaged monthly income does not reach USD 150 thousand.
This unemployment problem seems still to continue to grow given the economic recovery we are going slow. Even the BPS in 2003 noted the occurrence of employment contraction which reached 1.2 million. This amount is divided into 656 thousand jobs in urban areas and 564 thousand jobs lost in the countryside. This fact shows a lot of the labor force that is not absorbed in the formal economic sector. As for entering the non-formal sector, they also do not have sufficient access to create economically productive.
Currently there are approximately 41.7 million units in Indonesia, from large corporations to small businesses and non-legal entities. But of this amount was the comparison of large and small businesses is very unequal. According to the BPS in 2003, Indonesia's economic structure dominated by the configuration type of business or community economy, often referred to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which reached 99 percent. Uniquely, the number of these SMEs, as many as 98 percent, or about 39 million more are micro largely non-legal entities.
Although very large number of SMEs but its role in providing added value is still relatively small. In the development of manufacturing industry, for example, although the number of small business units to reach 99 percent more, but his contributions in providing added value is still less than 20 percent. So is its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) in 2001 recorded only 58.2 per cent.
The weakness of SMEs is also visible from the characteristics that are often identified as characteristic of the complexity of the existing problems in SMEs. SMEs is informal, very flexible to change, easy out and entry experience, and move on kind of a very diverse business. Most SMEs are managed by individuals acting as owner and manager of business, labor and use of family and close relatives, so there is no clear dividing line between the fields.
Another constraint faced by SMEs is the limited capital and their access to financing institutions and the existing banking institutions. These constraints relate to other than the strict requirements because of various constraints of SMEs in meeting the banking regulations, such as collateral. This constraint is often blamed as a factor of SME banking distrust. So naturally when so far only about 40 percent of SMEs that have ever use banking services. This also is the group most large and medium-sized businesses.
Although many challenges and obstacles experienced by SMEs, but SMEs sector, which actually is closest to the people's interests. SMEs not only represent the economic problems but also fundamentally linked with various social problems, such as poverty, unemployment and various backwardness. Improving the quality of SMEs will have an impact both on economic issues, social problems, and the mentality of Indonesian human resources.
Some facts seem to have presented to see how SMEs play a role. SMEs provide employment to very large. In employment, according to the BI data in 2001, small businesses employ as many as 64.3 million people or achieve 65 percent of the existing workforce. The absorption of a large workforce is of course a very positive impact on income distribution and reduce poverty. Moreover, many SMEs are located in rural areas, so that SMEs are also significantly supports the economic development in rural areas.
In addition, SMEs are the closest sector and most easily in fostering entrepreneurship. SMEs are also encouraging the growth of the social structure of the medium-scale entrepreneurs are strong. Unequal economic configuration by the micro-scale dominance is not conducive enough to support the development and progress of the nation forward. Experience from developed countries like the United States and Japan, showed support of medium-scale entrepreneurs is very large. Indonesia also needs a medium scale entrepreneurs and a strong professional to encourage the nation's economy.
However, government policy seems to promote the development of small and medium businesses are still half-heartedly impressed. On the one hand the government often states the importance of strengthening SMEs to eradicate poverty. But on the other hand, there are many SMEs are not actors get help facilitate that. The government seems to be dual to the problem of SMEs.
In general, government policy more tangible welfare policy that does not use economic principles as the main reference. According to Marzuki Usman (Edy Priyono, 1998), this policy is based on the assumption that small businesses play a significant role as panyangga (buffer) in times of crisis and take to overcome the problem of poverty and unemployment. Since welfare policy was pursued by giving subsidies to small businesses.
While the two policy options in the form of economic policy which refers to rules and economic interests. This policy assumes that small businesses, regardless of scale, not unlike a big business. However, this policy is not implemented on the basis of purely economic considerations. Because if it does so many small businesses will be missed. Dualism is what government policies are also causing a double-faced
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